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Sibling duo attempt to explain and discuss some fun science; banter and hilarity ensue.
Episodes
Monday Nov 04, 2024
Monday Nov 04, 2024
Did you know that - botanically speaking - Halloween Jack O’Lantern Pumpkins are more closely related to zucchini than they are to Kent / Jap pumpkins, butternut pumpkins, or giant pumpkins?
This episode, Kade and Matt chat about some awesome PUMPKIN science!
Like, speaking of giant pumpkins… how and why do they get so giant?!
What does it take, according to science, to grow amazing pumpkins? We chat about everything from companion planting, to the birds and the bees (that is, quite literally, pollination methods) of male and female flowers. We touch on history and culture, agricultural, and botanical science.
And then, sticking with the plant theme, we answer a listener question about the magic of plants and how they defy gravity to pump water from the ground up without a pumping heart!
As always, you can find us @curiosityrat on X, instagram, and facebook, and send your listener questions in to curiosityrat@gmail.com
We also have a Patreon! If you love our content and want to support us you can jump on to https://www.patreon.com/curiosityrat and become a patron. There is absolutely ZERO pressure but if you have as little as $1/month you can chuck it our way to help us out and show you appreciate all the time and effort that goes into making this show.
References:
Cursed Turnip Jack O’Lantern:
Great video on Taxonomy and name daddy Carl Linnaeus:
https://youtu.be/F38BmgPcZ_I?si=2nS6wI4zDOZzpB-H
Male and Female Flowers:
Other Refs:
https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-abstract/81/3/233/2725697
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39117354/
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pce.12502
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf063413d
https://brill.com/view/journals/ijps/65/3-4/article-p202_202.xml?language=en
Tuesday Oct 08, 2024
Tuesday Oct 08, 2024
Epilepsy: you've heard of it, you likely know people who have it, but do you know the science behind it? This month, Kade and Matt are joined by Dr Lauren Bleakley to find out just that. Stick around to the end of the episode for our listener question looking at the surprising benefits of chocolate milk!
As always, you can find us @curiosityrat on X, instagram, and facebook, and send your listener questions in to curiosityrat@gmail.com
We also have a Patreon! If you love our content and want to support us you can jump on to https://www.patreon.com/curiosityrat and become a patron. There is absolutely ZERO pressure but if you have as little as $1/month you can chuck it our way to help us out and show you appreciate all the time and effort that goes into making this show.
References:
https://florey.edu.au/researcher/lauren-bleakley/
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/epi.17447
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/33822003/
https://florey.edu.au/news/2024/05/ferns-story-proves-florey-research-is-life-changing/
Listener Question:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16676705/ https://theconversation.com/is-chocolate-milk-a-good-recovery-drink-after-a-workout-a-dietitian-reviews-the-evidence-236685
Sunday Sep 08, 2024
Sunday Sep 08, 2024
This month, Kade and Matt are joined once again by Bodhi for a very special episode: The Philosophy of Science. This will be part 1 of 3 in a special series where we delve into some of the more abstract ideas about science itself. What is science? How effective is peer review? What is burden of proof? And much, much, much more. Make sure to check out the reference list below for further resources on anything we discuss during the episode.
As always, you can find us @curiosityrat on X, instagram, and facebook, and send your listener questions in to curiosityrat@gmail.com
We also have a Patreon! If you love our content and want to support us you can jump on to https://www.patreon.com/curiosityrat and become a patron. There is absolutely ZERO pressure but if you have as little as $1/month you can chuck it our way to help us out and show you appreciate all the time and effort that goes into making this show.
References:
Podcasts as a medium for public discourse between rabbit-hole theorists and academics
Rogan, J. [PowerfulJRE]. (2024, July 2). Joe Rogan Experience #2171 – Eric Weinstein & Terrence Howard [video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/nrOaFxNex7U?si=QvqPI3c7IaDH5f_1&t=12724
Dissipation Driven Adaptation
Green, H. [SciShow]. (2020, June 16). How Cells Hack Entropy to Live [Video]. YouTube. How Cells Hack Entropy to Live (youtube.com).
England, J. L. (2013). Statistical physics of self-replication. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 139(12), 121923 1 – 121923 7. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4818538.
England, J. L. (2020). Every Life is on Fire: How Thermodynamics Explains the Origins of Living Things. Basic Books. Every Life Is on Fire: How Thermodynamics Explains the Origins of Living Things - Jeremy England - Google Books
Cushman, A. S. (2023). Entropy, Ecology and Evolution: Toward a Unified Philosophy of Biology. Entropy (Basel, Switzerland), 25(3), 405. https://doi.org/10.3390/e25030405.
King, E., Holzer, J., North, J. A., Cannon, W. R. (2023). An approach to learn regulation to maximize growth and entropy production rates in metabolism. Frontiers in Systems Biology, 3, 1-14. httpds://doi.org/10.3389/fsysb.2023.981866.
Entropy = messy?
Martin, J. S., Smith, N. A., Francis, C. D. (2013). Removing the entropy from the definition of entropy: clarifying the relationship between evolution, entropy, and the second law of thermodynamics. Evolution: Education and Outreach, 6(1), 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1936-6434-6-30.
Leaves superconduct photons during photosynthesis
Engel, G. S., Calhoun, T. R., Read, E. L., Ahn, T., Mančal, T., Cheng, Y., Blankenship, R. E., Fleming, G. R. (2007). Evidence for wavelike energy transfer through quantum coherence in photosynthetic systems. Nature 446, 782-786. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05678
Microtubules display superradiance
PBS Space Time [PBS Space Time]. (2024, July 26). Was Penrose Right? NEW EVIDENCE For Quantum Effects In The Brain [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/xa2Kpkksf3k?si=xAhLJSieFgoR-5lJ&t=740
Hossenfelder, S. [Sabine Hossenfelder]. (2024, May 12). Brain Really Uses Quantum Effects, New Study Finds [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/R6G1D2UQ3gg?si=al7buCxmLEXnp43I&t=200
Babcock, N. S., Montes-Cabrera, G., Oberhofer, K. E., Chergui, M., Celardo, G. L., Kurian, P. (2024). Ultraviolet Superradiance from Mega-Networks of Tryptophan in Biological Architectures. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 128(17), 4035-4046. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07936.
Microtubules form an integrated electromagnetic quantum information network
Kuhn, R. L., and Bandyopadhyay, A. [Closer to Truth]. (2023, November 24). Anirban Bandyopadhyay – Quantum Physics of Consciousness [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/HbX7wlMspJM?si=QLVU6eFesAsrjf-b&t=303
Ghosh, S., Singh, P., Manna, J., Saxena, K., Sahoo, P., Krishnanda, S. D., Ray, K., Hill, J. P., and Bandyopadhyay, A. (2022). The century-old picture of a nerve spike is wrong: filaments fire, before membrane. Communicative & Integrative Biology, 15(1), 115–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/19420889.2022.2071101
Exercise and Caloric Consumption: Negative Health Effects of Excess Energy
Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshet [Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshel]. (2024, July 16). We Need to Rethink Exercise – The Workout Paradox [YouTube]. We Need to Rethink Exercise - The Workout Paradox (YouTube.com)
Pontzer, H., Durazo-Arvizu, R., Dugas, L. R., Plange-Rhule, J., Bovet, P., Forrester, T. E., Lambert, E. V., Cooper, R. S., Schoeller, D., A., Luke, A. (2016). Constrained Total Energy Expenditure and Metabolic Adaptation to Physical Activity in Adult Humans. Current Biology, 26(3), 410-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.046
Pontzer, H., Wood, B. M., Raichlen, D. A. (2018). Hunter-gatherers as models in public health. Obesity Reviews, 19(S1), 24-35. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12785
Pontzer, H. (2018). Energy Constraint as a Novel Mechanism Linking Exercise and Health. Physiology, 33(6). https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00027.2018
Thursday Aug 01, 2024
Thursday Aug 01, 2024
This month Kade & Matt take a break from recording to give listeners a blast from the past with their episode all about crying.
Monday Jul 01, 2024
Monday Jul 01, 2024
Acetylcholine: the greatest neurotransmitter you've never heard of. This month, Kade and Matt deep dive into what makes this chemical fascinating enough to make Kade spend the last 5 years of their life researching it. What does it do? How was it discovered? What makes it special? Listen to the end of the episode to hear Matt take on the role of asking the listener question, further picking Kade's brain about the many quirks of this neurotransmitter.
As always, you can find us @curiosityrat on X, instagram, and facebook, and send your listener questions in to curiosityrat@gmail.com
We also have a Patreon! If you love our content and want to support us you can jump on to https://www.patreon.com/curiosityrat and become a patron. There is absolutely ZERO pressure but if you have as little as $1/month you can chuck it our way to help us out and show you appreciate all the time and effort that goes into making this show.
References:
https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/prp2.907
https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/bph.15513
https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/bph.16081
Saturday Jun 01, 2024
Saturday Jun 01, 2024
This episode on curiosity killed the rat, join Kade, Matt and Riley for a deep dive into the science of Narrative. How are human brains wired to understand the world via narrative, and how is this used both for and against us? We break down the concept of “narrative” into the components of setting, characters, and plot, and chat about some of the research being done in all of these areas. We also have a look at some real-life examples of the ways narrative is being harnessed to influence our beliefs and behaviour, from marketing to propaganda. Kade then answers a listener question about the metal in our blood: can it rust?
As always, you can find us @curiosityrat on X, instagram, and facebook, and send your listener questions in to curiosityrat@gmail.com
We also have a Patreon! If you love our content and want to support us you can jump on to https://www.patreon.com/curiosityrat and become a patron. There is absolutely ZERO pressure but if you have as little as $1/month you can chuck it our way to help us out and show you appreciate all the time and effort that goes into making this show.
References:
Book I read: The Science of Storytelling by Will Storr
YouTube video I mention revealing this research is funded by the department of defence:
https://youtu.be/zGrf0LGn6Y4?si=baBvBsstRUV2z30L
Video trying to spin narrative to blame Palestinian for Holocaust:
https://youtu.be/f9HmkRYlVZw?si=qpUScFJhhXFI8lP1
The effect of perceived cost on taste (of wine) studies:
https://oeno-one.eu/article/view/1017
https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.0706929105
Social Influence Research (hotel towel example):
https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/dont-throw-in-the-towel-use-social-influence-research
Social influence neuro:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222561008_Neural_mechanisms_of_social_influence
Anthropomorphism and Dehumanization:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4020342/
Dehumanisation neuroimaging:
Self-perception and behaviour:
Narrative transportation:
Framing and support for addiction policies:
“War of the ghosts” story:
Paper on neuromarketing / consumer neuroscience:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2377-13-13
Emotion and decision making:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24905597/
Coke and pepsi study:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15473974/
Relating to Media Bias:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2023.128219
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/17506352231178148
https://www.jstor.org/stable/41858380
Propaganda rebranded as “Public Relations”:
Wednesday May 01, 2024
Wednesday May 01, 2024
Welcome to season 5 of Curiosity Killed the Rat! To kick off the year, Kade and Matt welcome special guest Dr Jarrod McKenna onto the show once again to talk about his recent amazing experience visiting Antarctica: a place so cool it deserved another whole episode. What's it like to visit one of the most isolated places in the world as a tourist? How is climate change affecting this beautiful continent? What can we do as regular people to help? Stick around to the end of the episode to hear all this, and the listener question: alcohol and the menstrual cycle. How does one affect the other?
As always, you can find us @curiosityrat on X, instagram, and facebook, and send your listener questions in to curiosityrat@gmail.com. We also have a Patreon! If you love our content and want to support us you can jump on to https://www.patreon.com/curiosityrat and become a patron. There is absolutely ZERO pressure but if you have as little as $1/month you can chuck it our way to help us out and show you appreciate all the time and effort that goes into making this show.
Jarrod's website:
Citizen science links:
Sunday Dec 31, 2023
Sunday Dec 31, 2023
In one final episode for 2023 / season 4 of Curiosity Killed the Rat, Kade and Matt bring you an extended special reflecting on one of the biggest Australian milestones of 2023: the re-classification and approval of MDMA and Psilocybin to assist therapy. Kade leads us through the science accompanying the historical journey of these drugs; from their discovery and synthesis, through their recreational use (both legal and illegal), to their status today as promising therapeutic compounds. Stick around for a listener question of great seriousness and importance: If a tree in the forest falls and no one is there to hear it, does it make a sound? As always, you can find us @curiosityrat on X, instagram, and facebook, and send your listener questions in to curiosityrat@gmail.com We also have a Patreon! If you love our content and want to support us you can jump on to https://www.patreon.com/curiosityrat and become a patron. There is absolutely ZERO pressure but if you have as little as $1/month you can chuck it our way to help us out and show you appreciate all the time and effort that goes into making this show.
References:
Kade’s Article The Therapeutic Odyssey of Psilocybin and MDMA: A Return to Roots https://rsv.org.au/psilocybin-and-mdma/ Seeking the magic mushroom — Originally published in 1957 Life Magazine https://www.trippingly.net/lsd/2018/5/14/seeking-the-magic-mushroom Hofmann, A. (1959). Psychotomimetic drugs. Acta physiologica et pharmacologica Neerlandica, 8, 240-258. Shulgin, A. T. (1964). 3-Methoxy-4 5-methylenedioxy Amphetamine, a New Psychotomimetic Agent. Nature, 201(4924), 1120-1121. Stolaroff, M. J. (1997). The secret chief revealed: Conversations with a pioneer of the underground psychedelic therapy movement. Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS). Sessa, B., Higbed, L., & Nutt, D. (2019). A review of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy. Frontiers in psychiatry, 10, 138. Nutt, D. J., King, L. A., & Nichols, D. E. (2013). Effects of Schedule I drug laws on neuroscience research and treatment innovation. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 14(8), 577-585. Grob, C. S., Danforth, A. L., Chopra, G. S., Hagerty, M., McKay, C. R., Halberstadt, A. L., & Greer, G. R. (2011). Pilot study of psilocybin treatment for anxiety in patients with advanced-stage cancer. Archives of general psychiatry, 68(1), 71-78. Mithoefer, M. C., Wagner, M. T., Mithoefer, A. T., Jerome, L., & Doblin, R. (2011). The safety and efficacy of±3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: the first randomized controlled pilot study. Journal of psychopharmacology, 25(4), 439-452. Li, N. X., Hu, Y. R., Chen, W. N., & Zhang, B. (2022). Dose effect of psilocybin on primary and secondary depression: a preliminary systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 296, 26-34. Carhart-Harris, R., Giribaldi, B., Watts, R., Baker-Jones, M., Murphy-Beiner, A., Murphy, R., ... & Nutt, D. J. (2021). Trial of psilocybin versus escitalopram for depression. New England Journal of Medicine, 384(15), 1402-1411. Bogenschutz, M. P., Ross, S., Bhatt, S., Baron, T., Forcehimes, A. A., Laska, E., ... & Worth, L. (2022). Percentage of heavy drinking days following psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy vs placebo in the treatment of adult patients with alcohol use disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 79(10), 953-962. Johnson, M. W., Garcia-Romeu, A., & Griffiths, R. R. (2017). Long-term follow-up of psilocybin-facilitated smoking cessation. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 43(1), 55-60. Peck, S. K., Shao, S., Gruen, T., Yang, K., Babakanian, A., Trim, J., ... & Kaye, W. H. (2023). Psilocybin therapy for females with anorexia nervosa: a phase 1, open-label feasibility study. Nature Medicine, 29(8), 1947-1953. Danforth, A. L., Grob, C. S., Struble, C., Feduccia, A. A., Walker, N., Jerome, L., ... & Emerson, A. (2018). Reduction in social anxiety after MDMA-assisted psychotherapy with autistic adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Psychopharmacology, 235(11), 3137-3148. Wolfson, P. E., Andries, J., Feduccia, A. A., Jerome, L., Wang, J. B., Williams, E., ... & Doblin, R. (2020). MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of anxiety and other psychological distress related to life-threatening illnesses: a randomized pilot study. Scientific reports, 10(1), 20442. Mitchell, J. M., Bogenschutz, M., Lilienstein, A., Harrison, C., Kleiman, S., Parker-Guilbert, K., ... & Doblin, R. (2023). MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. Focus, 21(3), 315-328. Nicholas, C. R., Wang, J. B., Coker, A., Mitchell, J. M., Klaire, S. S., Yazar-Klosinski, B., ... & Doblin, R. (2022). The effects of MDMA-assisted therapy on alcohol and substance use in a phase 3 trial for treatment of severe PTSD. Drug and alcohol dependence, 233, 109356. Sessa, B., Higbed, L., O’Brien, S., Durant, C., Sakal, C., Titheradge, D., ... & Nutt, D. J. (2021). First study of safety and tolerability of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in patients with alcohol use disorder. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 35(4), 375-383. Hoshi, R., Bisla, J., & Curran, H. V. (2004). The acute and sub-acute effects of ‘ecstasy’(MDMA) on processing of facial expressions: preliminary findings. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 76(3), 297-304. Rootman, J. M., Kiraga, M., Kryskow, P., Harvey, K., Stamets, P., Santos-Brault, E., ... & Walsh, Z. (2022). Psilocybin microdosers demonstrate greater observed improvements in mood and mental health at one month relative to non-microdosing controls. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 11091. Cavanna, F., Muller, S., de la Fuente, L. A., Zamberlan, F., Palmucci, M., Janeckova, L., ... & Tagliazucchi, E. (2022). Microdosing with psilocybin mushrooms: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Translational Psychiatry, 12(1), 307. Passie, Torsten, and Andrew Dennis, 'The Early History of MDMA', The History of MDMA MAPS FDA MDMA application: https://mapsbcorp.com/news/mdma-for-ptsd-fda-submission/ MDMA neurotoxicity: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.301.5639.1479b https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1074501 https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.301.5639.1454b https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC194116/
Woke pharmaceuticals: https://wokeph.com/
Tik Tok Video: https://vt.tiktok.com/ZSNCVW7gn/
Tuesday Oct 31, 2023
Tuesday Oct 31, 2023
This episode, join Kade and Matt as they spin their way into the world of spider webs – just in time for Halloween! Learn about the absolute wonder that is spider silk: its incredible properties, how it is made, why humans can’t yet mass-produce it, and some of the interesting efforts scientists are trying to change that! Stick around for a listener question all about glow sticks. As always, you can find us @curiosityrat on twitter, instagram, and facebook, and send your listener questions in to curiosityrat@gmail.com We also now have a Patreon! If you love our content and want to support us you can jump on to https://www.patreon.com/curiosityrat and become a patron. There is absolutely ZERO pressure but if you have as little as $1/month you can chuck it our way to help us out and show you appreciate all the time and effort that goes into making this show. References: https://australian.museum/learn/animals/spiders/silk-the-spiders-success-story/ https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/what-are-spider-webs-made-of.html https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/spiderwebs-explained https://youtu.be/dMN_wQ6Zyy0?si=n7u43x7NBXnOTL5P https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5000687/ https://www.proquest.com/openview/2606e70bffecfe3e2df4260c10508f78/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750 https://ami-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1751-7915.12081 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00018-006-6090-y https://www.cell.com/trends/biotechnology/fulltext/S0167-7799(08)00079-6?large_figure=true&code=cell-site https://youtu.be/xossR6eHv3I?si=4tm4f_wpvw3mBrvw https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/marc.201800516 https://edu.rsc.org/exhibition-chemistry/the-glow-stick-reaction/3010386.article
Saturday Sep 30, 2023
Saturday Sep 30, 2023
Link for Kade's video: https://youtu.be/rdOc2HB5sx0?si=-4B_koSDMxPxyNMi
This month on Curiosity Killed the Rat, we are taking a break from our usual content to present the audio from the YouTube video made by host Kade Huckstep this month in response to Channel 7’s blatant spread of disinformation and misrepresentation of science. It breaks down the “documentary” aired about detransitioning, and goes through the scientific evidence that does actually exist. As a show, we value the spread of correct information, and so this is our part in the fight against mis/disinformation.
As always, you can find us @curiosityrat on twitter, instagram, and facebook, and send your listener questions in to curiosityrat@gmail.com. We also have a Patreon! If you love our content and want to support us you can jump on to https://www.patreon.com/curiosityrat and become a patron. There is absolutely ZERO pressure but if you have as little as $1/month you can chuck it our way to help us out and show you appreciate all the time and effort that goes into making this show.
References: (if people want access to any actual papers stuck behind paywalls please do hit us up)
Abreu, Roberto L., et al. "Supporting transgender students: School counselors’ preparedness, training efforts, and necessary support." Journal of LGBT Youth 17.1 (2020): 107-122.
Bailey, Louis, Sonja J. Ellis, and Jay McNeil. "Suicide risk in the UK trans population and the role of gender transition in decreasing suicidal ideation and suicide attempt." Mental Health Review Journal 19.4 (2014): 209-220.
Borges, Maria de Fátima, et al. "Evaluation of central precocious puberty treatment with GnRH analogue at the Triangulo Mineiro Federal University (UFTM)." Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism 59 (2015): 515-522.
Bruce, Lauren, et al. "Long-term regret and satisfaction with decision following gender-affirming mastectomy." JAMA surgery (2023).
Butler, Gary, et al. "Discharge outcome analysis of 1089 transgender young people referred to paediatric endocrine clinics in England 2008–2021." Archives of Disease in Childhood 107.11 (2022): 1018-1022.
Choi, Seungtaek, and Andrew K. Lee. "Efficacy and safety of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists used in the treatment of prostate cancer." Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety (2011): 107-119.
Cheung, Ada S., et al. "Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of transgender adults in Australia." Transgender health 3.1 (2018): 229-238.
Giacomelli, Giulia, and Maria Cristina Meriggiola. "Bone health in transgender people: a narrative review." Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism 13 (2022): 20420188221099346.
Golan, A. "GnRH analogues in the treatment of uterine fibroids." Human reproduction 11.suppl_3 (1996): 33-41.
Hannema, Sabine Elisabeth, et al. "Continuation of gender-affirming hormones in transgender people starting puberty suppression in adolescence: a cohort study in the Netherlands." The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health 6.12 (2022): 869-875.
Jedrzejewski, Breanna Y., et al. "Regret after gender-affirming surgery: a multidisciplinary approach to a Multifaceted patient experience." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 152.1 (2023): 206-214.
Jeffery, Eiddwen. “Anti-Trans Group Raises False Alarm on Victorian Policy for Gender Diverse Students.” RMIT University, 4 Nov. 2022, www.rmit.edu.au/news/factlab-meta/anti-trans-group-raises-false-alarm-on-victorian-policy-for-gend.
Jones, Hannah Elizabeth, et al. "Decision Regret in Plastic Surgery: A Summary." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open 11.6 (2023).
Katz-Wise, Sabra L. “Gender Fluidity: What It Means and Why Support Matters.” Harvard Health, 3 Dec. 2020, www.health.harvard.edu/blog/gender-fluidity-what-it-means-and-why-support-matters-2020120321544.
Levine, Laurence A., and Stephen P. Guss. "Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues in the treatment of sickle cell anemia-associated priapism." The Journal of urology 150.2 (1993): 475-477.
Mahdi, Aamir, et al. "Patients’ experiences of discontentment one year after total knee arthroplasty-a qualitative study." BMC musculoskeletal disorders 21.1 (2020): 1-11.
Mangin, Melinda. "Supporting transgender and gender-expansive children in school." Phi Delta Kappan 100.2 (2018): 16-21.
Martín-Castillo, David, et al. "School victimization in transgender people: A systematic review." Children and Youth Services Review 119 (2020): 105480.
Martino, Wayne, Jenny Kassen, and Kenan Omercajic. "Supporting transgender students in schools: Beyond an individualist approach to trans inclusion in the education system." Educational Review 74.4 (2022): 753-772.
Nolan, Brendan J., et al. "Early Access to Testosterone Therapy in Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adults Seeking Masculinization: A Randomized Clinical Trial." JAMA Network Open 6.9 (2023): e2331919-e2331919.
Olson, Kristina R., et al. "Mental health of transgender children who are supported in their identities." Pediatrics 137.3 (2016).
Ramos, G. G. F., et al. "Systematic Review: Puberty suppression with GnRH analogues in adolescents with gender incongruity." Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 44 (2021): 1151-1158.
Russell, Stephen T., et al. "Chosen name use is linked to reduced depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior among transgender youth." Journal of adolescent Health 63.4 (2018): 503-505.
Sares-Jäske, Laura, et al. "Gendered differences in experiences of bullying and mental health among transgender and cisgender youth." Journal of youth and adolescence 52.8 (2023): 1531-1548.
Schmauss, Daniel, Hans-Günther Machens, and Yves Harder. "Breast reconstruction after mastectomy." Frontiers in surgery 2 (2016): 71.
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